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Runner’s Knee (Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome)

What is patellofemoral pain syndrome?
Patellofemoral pain syndrome is a broad term to describe pain in the front of the knee and around the patella or kneecap. 

Fast facts: 

• More likely to occur in females and athletes.
• Affects both children and adults.

Symptoms:

• Painful knee in the knee joint particularly at the front of the knee, around and under the patella.
• Tenderness along the inside border of the kneecap. 
• Swelling often after activities.
• Pain is more notable when walking up and down hills or sitting for long periods of time.
• Possible catching, popping, clicking, grinding, or cracking sound when moving the knee 
  

Causes:
Patellofemoral pain syndrome may be caused by overuse, injury, excess weight, a kneecap that is not properly aligned, or changes under the kneecap.

Diagnosis:
• Physical exam
• X-rays and possible further imaging such as MRI

Treatment (with the goal of decreasing pain):

•  Exercises (possible physical therapy) to improve the glide of the kneecap:
  • Strengthen muscles in front of the thigh
  • Stretch muscles in the back of the thigh
  • Correct the imbalance between the muscles in the front of the thighs compared to the muscles in the back of the thigh if needed
• Ice and elevation after activities.
• Over-the-counter medication.
• Knee braces are sometimes needed.

Prevention:

•  Maintaining a healthy weight.
• Wearing appropriate shoes for your activities.
• Stretching and warming up before activity.
• Increasing athletic training intensity gradually.
• Avoiding activities that hurt your knee in the past.